According to the West and Jacquet data, the proportion of female authors in sociology grew from 27% in the 1970s and 1980s to 42% in the 1990s and 2000s. In comparison, economics went from 6% female to 14% and political science went from around 10% female to 19%. The authors also provide some interesting statistics on subfields, although the categories don’t always match up to the specialties sociologists are familiar with (e.g. while “social movements” is listed as a subfield, the authors list “problem of agency” as the largest area of interest within it.)

Since I already have similar data from Web of Science, I thought it would be interesting to run the same sort of analysis to look at the gender gap within and between US sociological journals. For this purpose, I defined a sociological journal as one where a majority of the authors who provided a department affiliation were associated with a department that had sociology as part of the title (e.g. “Department of Sociology” or “Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice”) and where the journal has significant editorial presence in the United States. This totals 49 journals. Web of Science provides the full name of authors in the download files only for articles published since 2008 (weird, right?), so I only examined articles published since then. For each article author, I looked up whether the first name was primarily (>80%) associated with baby boy or girl names for children in the Social Security data for those born between 1945 and 1970. This process classified the vast majority of authors who provided first names, but a larger number of people provided only a first initial, thwarting simple classification. I combined these two types of cases into one “ambiguous” category.

In the table below, I sort the journals based on the percentage of authors who are female. I also list the number of gender ambiguous authors, but they aren’t part of the denominator. The totals are based on the number of times a name appears, so a person who writes three articles for the same journal contributes to the totals three times.

Overall, 14% of names can’t be easily categorized. Of those that can be categorized, 45% are female names and 55% are male names. [Update: 53% of ASA members are female.] Journals dealing explicitly with gender issues have the highest proportion of female authorship, while methods and theory journals have the highest concentration of male authors. All four of the top general interest research journals have lower rates of female authorship than the population as a whole, but there is significant variation within the group, ranging from AJS with 35% of female authors to 43% for Social Problems. In contrast, the lower visibility general interest journals, such as Sociological Perspective and Sociological Inquiry, all have higher rates of female participation.

[Update: Philip Cohen published one of his great blog posts on gender segregation in sociology. Make sure to visit the comments on that thread.]

Additional analysis, available from the first author, shows no gender gap in who gets to be first author when men and women co-publish. This analysis will perhaps get its own post, as this null finding is substantively interesting.

While inspecting the awesome graphs that Mike Bostock and Matthew Ericson put together to display the words being used in the Democratic and Republican conventions [Update: Make sure to check out the incredible tool for comparing word frequencies. I'm a huge fan of Mike Bostock and wished I knew JavaScript better so my graphs could take full advantage of D3.] , I noticed that they provided links to the transcripts of the speeches in plain text format. Of course I instantly thought, “text to analyze!”

The first night of the convention, there was chatter on Twitter about the Democratic delegates being a more active audience than the Republican delegates–more cheering, more emotions. Looking at the transcripts, I noticed that it listed when the speaker was interrupted by things like, “applause”, “laughter” or “boos”. I extracted just those comments from the text, and then analyzed their frequency per 1,000 words. Note that this includes all the nights of the RNC, but only the first night of the DNC–the Republican data didn’t say when each speaker went, so I couldn’t separate them by day. Also, when more than one thing was listed as happening at the same time, such as “Laughter, Applause”, I gave credit to each individually. Finally, I combined “chuckles” with “laughter”.

So who has the more emotional delegates, based on audience interruptions of the speaker per 1,000 words?

This provides modest evidence for a more active Democratic crowd. The Democratic crowd averaged 39 reactions per 1,000 words compared to 34 for Republicans. Democrats applauded, cheered and booed more than their Republican counterparts. While Republicans spent more time laughing and chanting, they didn’t do this enough to close the emotion gap on the other measures.

Here’s my script. Since it grabs the data from the Times who update their transcripts, running it at a later point will include more Democratic speeches with different results.

Post convention update:
Here’s the final numbers based on the full transcripts of both conventions:

The Republican numbers changed marginally, as I slightly revised the scraping script and the Times posted a new transcripts URL. The Democratic numbers went up slightly, but stayed fairly constant, considering the original data was based on just the first night of the convention and the heavy hitters–Presidents Clinton and Obama–had yet to come.

I also looked at how often each speaker was interrupted by the audience either by cheering or chanting. In the transcript, this is marked either by something like, “(Sustained cheers, applause.)” or “AUDIENCE MEMBERS: Four more years! Four more years!” This would count as two interruptions. (In the above analysis, the “cheers” and “applause” were counted separately, but the results are highly correlated). I trimmed off those who spoke for less than 225 words resulting in 192 speakers. When multiple people were at the podium, the transcript doesn’t make it easy to parse each of the different speakers, so some data points might represent groups of speakers rather than a single person, although I did try and split them where it was obvious. This mostly matters because each person is greeted with applause, and if they are grouped together in the transcript as a single speaker, it looks more exciting than it actually was.

The average speaker at the DNC was interrupted about 18% more often than the average speaker at the Republican convention, with DNC speakers interrupted about every 44 words and RNC speakers interrupted every 51 words. Based on this measure, Montana Governor Brian Schweitzer gave the most exciting speech. While Clint Eastwood’s speech was widely panned outside of the convention hall, it received an enthusiastic response in the room. Among the candidates, both Ryan and Obama were the stars, although both lagged behind the performance of President Clinton and his 176 interruptions. While Clinton’s speech was about 18% longer than Obama’s, Clinton’s was interrupted 32% more often.

But how is this year’s job market? A major sources of data for the ASA research is listings that appear in the Job Bank, where most sociology jobs are posted. Since you can look through all the jobs ever posted, I updated my script to extract when a job was posted. Then, I counted the number of jobs posted by month over the last few years, looking just at the jobs that used the words “assistant professor” and “tenure.” This isn’t a perfect measure (i.e. some advertisements might have more than one job, and some might use the word “assistant professor” but not be posting a job at that level), but it’s probably not far off. Unfortunately, while the Job Bank listings go back to 2006, the monthly data for that year seems less reliable, as many of the jobs are listed as being posted several months after the deadline for applications. The graph starts the year in May because it looks like that is the first month when jobs starting the following year outnumber jobs for the current year.

Here’s what I found:

By my count, 61 tenure-track assistant professor positions were posted last month. This is up from just 36 last year, but still lower than the 71 positions listed in 2008 or the 83 in 2007.

July is the first of the four busy months for job advertisements, so it’s a little early to make forecasts. Prediction is also complicated by the changing pace of when jobs are being posted. In 2007 and 2008, about 25% of the year’s positions had been posted by the end of July. Since then, however, only 15% of the year’s positions have been posted, presumably because budget problems mean that universities are slower to commit to new positions. Splitting the middle, that is assuming that 20% of this year’s jobs have already been posted, which would mean 425 jobs this year, equating to about 10 more than 2008 using my numbers (which don’t match exactly with the ASAs). Not bad, but certainly not enough to make up for the horrible years.

I’ll update this at the end of August. Or you can update you own version by running the script next month.

As of August 6, 2012, for positions with a start date of Fall 2013, 73 employers reported that they offer domestic partnership benefits; 21 reported that they did not; and two employers–the University of Portland and the University of Nebraska at Lincoln–stated that they do not prohibit discrimination based on orientation/identity. I think Nebraska-Lincoln might have checked the wrong box, because “sexual orientation” is listed in their non-discrimination policy Nebraska-Omaha reports that they don’t discriminate.

Looking historically at jobs posted in 2010, 34% of employers (118 out of 346) reported not offering any domestic partner benefits; in 2011 38% of employers (205 out of 546) reported not offering any domestic partner benefits; and, so far in 2012, 35% of employers (106 out of 304) reported not offering any domestic partner benefits. In 2012, 5% of postings indicated that discrimination was not prohibited, compared to 8% in 2011 and 7% in 2010. My quick scan of the lists suggested that the variation over time was largely based on which schools were in the market rather than policy changes at specific schools. Note that these numbers are by date posted and not by start date, which does not appear to be consistently available.

I haven’t looked at the form that employers fill out, but I suspect that “offering employment benefits” is open to some interpretation. At some schools, it may mean benefits equal to married couples, while at other schools it might mean that domestic partners can be on the family gym membership, but not get health care. It would be great if the ASA could update this question to ask for a more specific breakdown of benefits so the burden isn’t on potential employees to interpret the extent of coverage.

While you can search based on many different job characteristics, you can’t filter by these questions. So, here’s all the employers, along with the position title(s) they are advertising sorted by whether or not they are offering domestic partner benefits:

Employers offering benefits (n=73)
American University (Five Tenure-Line Faculty Positions)
Arcadia University (Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice)
Austin College (Assist Prof of Sociology and Environmental Studies)
Bowdoin College (Assistant Professor)
Brown University (Asst Professor-Tenure Track)
Brown University (Assistant Professor, Environmental Remote Sensing)
California State Univ-Fullerton (Assistant Professor)
California State University-Hayward (Race and Ethnic Relations)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR Junior Fellowship in Successful Societies)
College of the Holy Cross (Public Sociology and Social Movements)
Colorado State University (Assistant Professor)
Cornell University (Professor – Open Rank)
Earlham College (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Fairfield University (Sociology of Race and Ethnic Relations)
Franklin College (Tenure Track Sociology Faculty)
Furman University (Assistant Professor-Tenure Track)
Harvard Business School (Assistant Professor)
Harvard University (Assistant or untenured Associate Professor, Assistant Professor in Sociology of Gender, Assistant Professor of Sociology in Korean Society)
Hobart & William Smith Colleges (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Humboldt State University (Tenure-track: Criminology & Justice Studies)
Indiana University-Bloomington (Assistant Professor)
Indiana University-Purdue (Professor-Criminal Justice)
Institute for Social Research (Faculty Research Fellow)
Johns Hopkins University (Assistant Professor – Tenure Track)
Kent State University (Assistant Professor)
Kenyon College (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Michigan State University (Assistant Professor)
Montana State University (Assistant Professor)
NYU ABU DHABI (FACULTY POSITIONS)
New College of Florida (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
North Central College (Tenure-Track Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Northern Kentucky University (Department Chair)
Princeton University (Assistant Professor, Postdoctoral Fellow, Visiting Research Scholar – Fung Global Fellows)
Queensborough Community College-Cuny (Instructor or Assistant Professor – Sociology (Soc)
RAND Corporation (Sociologist / Social Demographer)
Rice University (Tenure-Track Faculty Position)
Rutgers University (Doctoral/Post-doctoral Fellowship, Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Saint Mary’s College of California (Assistant Professor – Sociology – Tenure Track)
Skidmore College (Tenure-track Assistant Professor in Sociology)
Stanford University (Assistant Professor)
Texas Christian University (Assistant Professor)
The Ohio State University (Assistant Professor, Full Professor, Open rank)
The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (Professor Assistant/Associate or Full)
Trinity University (Assistant Professor)
Tufts University (Assistant Professor)
Univ of California-Los Angeles (Junior Faculty)
Univ of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (Anthony S. Harrington Distinguished Professorship)
University at Buffalo (Assistant/Associate Professor)
University of Alabama-Birmingham (Open rank)
University of Alberta (Criminology/Socio-legal Stud)
University of California (TENURED OR TENURE-TRACK PROFESSOR (RANK OPEN))
University of Chicago (Assistant Professor)
University of Chicago Booth School of Business (Asst/Assoc Professor of Organizations & Strategy)
University of Illinois-Chicago (Assistant Professor)
University of Miami (Assistant/Associate Professor)
University of Michigan (Dir., Ctr. for Public Policy in Diverse Societies, Assistant Professor of Sociology)
University of Michigan-Dearborn (Associate or Assistant Professor)
University of Michigan-Flint (Urban Sociology)
University of Minnesota (Asst. Professor of Soc – Law, Crime, & Deviance)
University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Assistant Professor)
University of New Hampshire (Assistant Professor in Sociology)
University of Pennsylvania (Media Faculty)
University of Richmond (Assistant Professor Sociology)
University of San Diego (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
University of Toronto Mississauga (Assistant Professor, Socio-Legal Studies/Criminolo, Assistant Professor, Social Policy)
University of Utah-Salt Lake (Associate/Advanced Assistant Professor of Sociology)
University of Washington (Assistant Professor of Communication)
University of Wisconsin-Madison (Professor of Sociology)
Wake Forest University (Assistant Professor)
Washington State University (Assistant Professor)
Whitman College (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Williams College (Assistant Professor)
Yale University (Professor of Sociology)

Employers not offering benefits (n=19)
Boston University (Assistant Professor)
George Mason University (Assistant Professor)
Georgia Institute of Tech (Homer Rice Chair in Sports and Society)
Gonzaga University (Director of Native American Studies)
Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies (Harvard Academy Scholars Program)
Korea National Diplomatic Academy (Prof.)
Saint Louis University (Deviance, Law and Social Ecology)
Saint Norbert College (Assistant Professor of Sociology)
Sam Houston State University (Assistant or Associate Professor)
United States-Israel Educational Foundation (Fulbright Israel Post-Doctoral Fellowships)
Univ of South Carolina-Columbia (Assistant or Associate Professor)
University of Nebraska at Omaha (Assistant Professor)
University of Notre Dame (Open Rank Faculty Position (Tenure Track))
University of Portland (Assistant Professor of Sociology, tenure track)
University of Tennessee-Knoxville (Assistant Professor)
University of Texas-Austin (Assistant Professor, Professor)
University of Texas-Pan American (Assistant/Associate Professor Sociology, Asst. Professor: US Mexico Border Dynamics)
Villanova University (Assistant Professor)
Yonsei University (Tenure track position)

Python Fans: Here’s the script that downloads and scrapes the pages for the relevant information.

How you can do this
While these images can’t be easily integrated into a regression model (although it isn’t impossible), they could add some whiz-bang to a lecture or your ASA presentation. Similar images could also be useful for inspecting your data or examining outliers. As a reviewer, I would be quite impressed with any sentence that began, “After reviewing satellite imagery of the locations with extreme values…” You also don’t have to put them together in a collage–I just thought it looked nice.

I picked tracts based on income, but I could have also done it by racial composition, density, or any other census variables. It doesn’t even have to be census data; the locations could be based on any data where you have the physical address, the latitude and longitude, or the census block/tract, which you can use to get the latitude and longitude. So it is possible to map schools, prisons or neighborhoods, for instance, as long as you have some physical address for them. For example, here are the locations of Superfund sites in North Carolina:

The images are produced using the Google Maps API. You are likely familiar with these types of images from searching for driving directions. As part of their toolkit for developers, Google makes available a nifty way to grab an image of a specific location without using any fancy tools through their Static Maps API. If you want to pursue this in more depth, feel free to check out all the API has to offer, but I discuss most of the relevant options for producing static images below.

Basically, you insert the address in as part of the URL and Google displays the map, like it had been waiting for you all along. For example, to map Denver, CO the URL is:

This URL should give you a nice image of Denver.

The API has only a couple of parameters that are a part of the URL:

sensor This is always false, unless you are doing this from your iPhone.

maptype Satellite returns the picture from space; roadmap returns the default Google Maps view, and hybrid blends them.

You probably want to play around with all these parameters until you get something that best tells the story you want to convey.

Since the data is accessible through a HTTP GET request and because the resulting file is a picture and not some complicated JSON or XML object that you need to read, you don’t need any fancy software to download the images. It is possible to just use your browser to search, save the files and then put them together in your Powerpoint slide. Or, if you wanted to download a bunch of them in an automated fashion and your address data is already in Stata, you can use Stata’s under-appreciated “copy” command. The following lines show you a sample .do file that downloads four images to your current hard drive:

*Fill in some random data
clear all
set obs 4
gen double latitude=.
gen double longitude=.

replace latitude=41.167937 in 1
replace longitude=-073.476747 in 1
replace latitude=40.809560 in 2
replace longitude=-073.571619 in 2
replace latitude=29.751209 in 3
replace longitude=-095.433984 in 3  
replace latitude=26.432297 in 4
replace longitude=-080.158781 in 4
gen tract=_n*100

 
*Loop over the four observations
forvalues i=1/4 {
    *store the tract info in local macros
    local latitude= latitude[`i']
    local longitude= longitude[`i']
    local tract=tract[`i']

    *Store the Google Maps paramaters in local macors
    local size="200x200"
    local zoom="17"
    local url `"http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=`latitude',`longitude'&zoom=`zoom'&size=`size'&maptype=satellite&sensor=false"'

    *Download the file from the internet
    copy "`url'" "`tract'.png", replace
    }

The downloaded images are in the PNG format, so you can just drag them into your presentation.

To make the pictures above, I used a little script in Python. The advantage that Python has over something like Stata in this case is the ability to manipulate images. I didn’t want to do anything fancy, but I did want to put together multiple images into one big picture and crop out the copyright text at the bottom. I used the Image module for this, and the syntax is fairly straightforward (e.g., to crop your image you can use square=square.crop((0,0,200,200))). Feel free to check out the full script for the Superfund image.

The first step in Python is to open up your data file. Assuming, for example, that the images you wanted to get were in a CSV-formatted file with the identifier in the first column, followed by the latitude and longitude, you could read in the file with:

#import the built-in module for reading csv data
import csv

#open and read the file and store it in the list sites
sites=csv.reader(open('superfund.csv', 'rb'))

To get the pictures, loop over each line, extract the coordinates, and download the png:

#import a module for accessing the internet
import urllib

for site in sites:
    #get the information you need from the site
    name=site[0]
    latitude=site[1]
    longitude=site[2]

    zoom=15
    size='200x250'
   
    filename=name+'.png'
    url='http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=%s,%s&zoom=%s&size=%s&maptype=satellite&sensor=false' % (latitude,longitude,zoom,size)
    urllib.urlretrieve(url,filename)

The Python script follows the same logic as the Stata .do file. One unfamiliar part may be in the construction of the URL, where I used the string format operator %. Everywhere I wanted to include one of my values (e.g., zoom) in the URL, I put a % in the URL. Then, after the string, I put a % followed by a tuple that contained each of the values I wanted to include. This is the more Pythonic way to construct a string. In this case, it has the advantage of reducing the number of plus signs and string() commands in the statement, making it more readable.

A better version of the script would probably put the download into its own function, checking first whether you had already downloaded the file so that you only download any given file once and alert you when the download doesn’t work. If you were downloading a large number of pictures, you would want to apply for a developer key from Google. They are free and allow you to download up to 25,000 images a day. The other great thing about the developer key is that you just add &key= followed by your key to use them, as opposed to more complicated methods of authenticating used by sites like Facebook and Twitter, such as OAuth authentication.

In sum, Google Maps API offers a useful research tool that’s easy to use and sounds impressive.

Bonus: Street View has similar capabilities, but its much harder to get an interesting picture in an automated fashion. You control what angle the picture is taken at relative to the compass directions, but what you really want is to take it relative to the car. Too often, you just get pictures of the road ahead, which are somewhat boring. Street View also has much less coverage–most of the wealthy neighborhoods don’t have images available. Here’s what the wealthiest neighborhoods look like from a car, compared to the poorest neighborhoods.

]]> http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/inequality-from-space/feed/ 0 http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/what-are-sociology-departments-looking-for/ http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/what-are-sociology-departments-looking-for/#comments Fri, 03 Aug 2012 18:03:10 +0000 Neal http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/?p=1354 Continue reading →]]> Are you successful at and committed to research and teaching? If so, there might be a job out there for you. According to the ASA Job Bank, here is what departments are looking for from assistant professor applicants seeking tenure-track positions, based on the text of their ads:

The Data
I downloaded each of the last 200 jobs listed in the Job Bank. I kept only the descriptions that had the word “Assistant” and “tenure” in them, attempting to capture just tenure-track jobs. I also kept just the first three paragraphs because after that the listings seemed to focus on the mechanics of applying for the job. I also eliminated frequently used uninformative words (i.e. ‘sociology’, ‘applicants’, ‘candidates’, ‘college’, ‘department’, ‘university’, ‘applications’, ‘position’, ‘tenure-track’, ‘assistant’, and ‘professor’). Finally, I copied the resulting text file into Wordle, which eliminated the common words (e.g. ‘of’ and ‘the’) and produced the pretty graph.

Fun fact: While the ASA Job Bank requires you to log in to search, you don’t have to be logged in to see a specific listing. For example, anybody can view the University of Michigan’s recent job listing. It is pretty simple to loop through multiple job listings since it appears that ‘jobIDs’ are sequential, although there seem to be some duplicate listings. This also means that it would be trivial to create a Twitter bot that checks for new listings, scrapes the relevant information, and then posts the title and a direct link when new listings appear.

It looks like the data goes back five or six years–enough to do some really interesting analysis of changes in the job market over time. If you want to do some actual sociology with this dataset, my Python script might be helpful.

]]> http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/what-are-sociology-departments-looking-for/feed/ 0 http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/fun-demographic-data-from-facebook/ http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/fun-demographic-data-from-facebook/#comments Sat, 23 Jun 2012 01:31:32 +0000 Neal http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/?p=1266 Continue reading →]]> At one point last month while preparing for a talk to incoming students, I was wondering whether the proportion of out LGBT people jumped at around the age you head off to college or otherwise leave home. One way to be out is to express your interest in people of the same sex on Facebook. Now, this might have different meaning across place, age, and gender, but the overall trends probably represent something meaningful. So, using the Facebook ad generator described below, I pulled the number of men who were interested in men, men who were interested in women, women who were interested in men, and women who were interested in women for each age between 15 and 24. To compute the proportion of men who liked men for each age, I divided the total number of people who expressed an interest in people of the same sex by the number of people who expressed an interested in the same sex plus the number expressing an interest in the other sex. Now, this is not the best possible denominator–as some people don’t list interest in either, and some people express interest in both (a figure you can only get from Facebook)–but I think that, of the available options, my measure roughly captures the proportion of people who express an interest in those of the same sex versus those who express an interest in either sex.

The data did not support my hypothesis:

Among both men and women, the proportion expressing same-sex interest doesn’t dramatically shift at all around age 18. Instead, there is a roughly linear increase during this period of life. In general, many more women than men express a same-sex interest on Facebook. In fact, the disparity is so large that the steady increase in the proportion of out men on Facebook get smushed so that it appears almost constant in this chart. The baseline and increase associated with age is much smaller among men, from 1.6% at 15 to 2.1% at 24, but it follows the same general trend as the women’s trend: steady increases but no big jump. I’ll leave it to others who study the areas of sexuality and social networks to explain the trends, but I was certainly struck by how wrong my hypothesis was.

Now I don’t know who all these gay and lesbian teens are, and Facebook won’t provide you with their names, but Facebook does provide enough other general demographic information about its users that you can tell some interesting sociological stories. For example, based on Facebook’s data, 1.1% of boys living in North Carolina have a preference for men, while the rate in California is slightly more than twice that at 2.4%. While more adult men in each state express an interest in men (1.7% in North Carolina compared to 3.6% in California), the ratio between the two states stays roughly equal. This might suggest that variation in the number of out gay people between states is not driven primarily by selection into geographic areas, as teens have limited mobility.

Facebook’s demographic data has more information than lesbian and gay demographics. For example 22% of people expressing an interest in the Tea Party also liked Farmville, compared to only 8% of Occupiers. And while Occupiers and Tea Party folk equally express an interest in cooking, this masks a very large gender divide, as Tea Party women are ten points more likely to have an interest in cooking than female Occupiers, while Occupy men favor cooking by the same amount over Tea Party men. More generally, you can acquire a count of people who express an interest on Facebook in just about anything. You can break these counts down by geography, education level, age, other interests, and sexual orientation. It’s a pretty powerful tool for analyzing data that are rarely on surveys and it’s free. I would say that the data quality from this method is comparable to things like Google searches or tweets, both of which have been used in numerous publications.

Why does Facebook give this data to researchers? Well, it doesn’t. It gives it to people who want to advertise on Facebook. To facilitate advertising, they provide potential ad buyers with the ability to target small demographic groups. So that you know the reach of your advertisement, they give you a count of the people who fit your demographic specifications. This way, I know that if I limit my ad to bowling enthusiast in the Chapel Hill area, I’ll only reach 120 people. It’s not the exact number—they round to the nearest 20. Rounding off started a couple of years ago to limit privacy invasions. Under the old system, you could be incredibly specific in your search terms (e.g. 39 year old, male, sociologist, works at UNC) and find out which of your co-workers was secretly a fan of Pretty Little Liars. You don’t have to be an advertising executive to use the tool–I first read about this Facebook tool on Gawker or Boing Boing where they described someone doing this stort of stalking.

To get the data, all you need is a Facebook account. Once that’s taken care of, go to http://www.facebook.com/ads. Click the green “Create an Ad” button. Enter a URL in the, “Choose a Facebook destination or enter a URL:” line. You don’t have to own the URL—you can pick something like www.greanpeace.org or whatever. Then click, “Suggest an ad”. It will find a picture and some text from the URL and display them to you. Feel free to ignore this.
A section called “Choose Your Audience” should now be visible. On the right side, it will display the total number of people who your ad could potential reach. The default is people 13-65 who live in the United States, which totals around 160 million people, approximately 80% of the US population in this age range.

By manipulating the different demographic criteria, you can get the quantities of interest. For example, if you type, “Classical Music” in the “Precise Interests” field, the audience figure will shift to about 1.8 million people. Note that matches with “#” in front of them are fuzzy, which is usually what you want.

You could limit yourself to a particular state, get the audience number and then repeat this process 49 more times to get a sense of the geography of classical music fans. Or if you enter more than one search term in the “Precise Interests” you get an “OR” search. So adding “#Heavy Metal music” to the previous search brings the total to 4.3 million. If you remove the “#Classical Music” search term, the audience shrinks to 2.7 million fans of “#Heavy Metal music”. If those groups of music lovers did not overlap, you would expect the combined total would be 4.5 million people, so there’s about 200,000 people who like both Classical and Heavy Metal music. To put things in perspective, there are 8.6 million Justin Bieber fans on Facebook, 140,000 of whom also like classical music. The tags that Facebook suggests after you enter one search term are often quite useful. For one search, I started with “#Tea Party movement”, but then added “#Tea Party Patriots”, “#The Tea Party” and “#FreedomWorks” at Facebook’s suggestion to get a more complete picture of the Tea Party supporters on the Facebook. In addition to the “Precise Categories”, make sure to check through both the set of predefined advertising “Broad Categories” (where you can find things like had a child under 0-3) to find possible categories of interest.

Unfortunately, there is no way to automate access to this tool. Instead you just have to make your choices and copy and paste the audience figures. This can be somewhat tedious if you are looking at variation across states and ages. It can also be confusing to figure out areas of overlapping interest when you are interest in multiple categories, such as 20 different musical genres where there are dozens of search term combinations that you want to enter. But, if you think the data is scientifically valid (and if you think that reviewers will too), it’s a pretty quick way to get useful data.

]]> http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/fun-demographic-data-from-facebook/feed/ 0 http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-102-most-cited-works-in-sociology-2008-2012/ http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-102-most-cited-works-in-sociology-2008-2012/#comments Fri, 01 Jun 2012 17:20:56 +0000 Neal http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/?p=1059 Continue reading →]]> What books or journal articles are relevant to sociology today? Here are the 102101* works that were cited the most in sociology journals over the last five years. While the data comes from contemporary articles, the cited works could be from any year. In addition to the rank and citations, I also include the journals where the piece was cited the most, adjusted so that journals that publish many articles are not overrepresented. Additional details below the table.

If you want to explore relations among the cited works, check out the network version.

*[Note: Updated June 5, 2012 to add ASQ and Social Networks; remove articles with fewer than 10 cites (which are probably not articles), eliminate some duplicate articles; and add a link when WoS provides the article's DOI. There is now a three way tie for 99th, so only 101 journals make the list.]

Rank	Cites	Citation	Modal Journals
1.	218	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinctions Social	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
2.	185	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol	Social Networks, Administrative Science Quarterly
3.	174	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear	Sociology of Education, Criminology
4.	171	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Am Dec	City & Community, Sociological Forum
5.	166	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged	City & Community, Criminology
6.	133	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega	City & Community, Criminology
7.	128	Mcpherson M 2001 Annu Rev Sociol	Social Networks, Annual Review of Sociology
8.	127	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T	Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Qualitative Sociology
9.	124	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev	Sociological Theory, American Journal of Sociology
9.	124	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Thoery	Rationality and Society, Journal of Mathematical Sociology
11.	123	Dimaggio PJ 1983 Am Sociol Rev	Administrative Science Quarterly, Theory and Society
12.	122	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhood IM	Sociology of Education, Annual Review of Sociology
13.	121	West C 1987 Gender Soc	Gender & Society, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
14.	119	Goffman E 1959 Presentation Self EV	Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Social Psychology Quarterly
15.	117	Anderson E 1999 Code Streets	Criminology, Social Problems
16.	111	Sampson RJ 1997 Science	Criminology, City & Community
17.	105	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol	Administrative Science Quarterly, American Journal of Sociology
18.	104	Giddens A 1991 Modernity Self Ident	Sociology, Sociology of Health & Illness
19.	103	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart Commer	Work and Occupations, Social Psychology Quarterly
20.	98	Granovetter M 1985 Am J Sociol	Administrative Science Quarterly, Rationality and Society
20.	98	Bourdieu P 1977 Outline Theory Cultu	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
22.	96	Coleman JS 1988 Am J Sociol	Sociology of Education, Sociological Perspectives
22.	96	Gottfredson MR 1990 Gen Theory Crime	Criminology, Youth & Society
22.	96	Wilson WJ 1996 Work Disappears New	City & Community, Criminology
25.	92	Snow DA 1986 Am Sociol Rev	Mobilization, Social Problems
26.	91	Goffman E 1963 Stigma Notes Managem	Social Psychology Quarterly, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
27.	87	Hirschi T 1969 Causes Delinquency	Criminology, Youth & Society
28.	86	Sewell WH 1992 Am J Sociol	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
28.	86	Long Jscott 1997 Regression Models CA	Sociology of Education, Criminology
30.	85	Burt RS 1992 Structural Holes	Sociological Theory, American Journal of Sociology
31.	84	Mead GH 1934 Mind Self Soc Standp	Social Psychology Quarterly, Sociological Theory
32.	83	Portes A 1998 Annu Rev Sociol	Rural Sociology, Sociology of Education
33.	82	Mclanahan Sara 1994 Growing Single Paren	Journal of Marriage and Family, Sociology of Education
33.	82	Mcadam D 2001 Dynamics Contention	Mobilization, Sociological Theory
35.	81	Mccarthy JD 1977 Am J Sociol	Mobilization, Administrative Science Quarterly
36.	80	Alba RD 2003 Remaking Am Mainstre	Annual Review of Sociology, Social Science Research
36.	80	Blau P 1967 Am Occupational Stru	Sociology of Education, Annual Review of Sociology
36.	80	Radloff L S 1977 Applied Psychological Measurement	Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Journal of Marriage and Family
39.	79	Portes A 2001 Legacies Story 2 Gen	Sociological Perspectives, Sociology of Education
40.	78	Sampson RJ 2002 Annu Rev Sociol	Criminology, City & Community
41.	77	Tilly C 1978 Mobilization Revolut	Mobilization, Sociological Theory
41.	77	Bourdieu P 1990 Logic Practices	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
43.	75	Connell RW 1995 Masculinities SS	Gender & Society, Sociology of Sport Journal
44.	74	Baron RM 1986 J Pers Soc Psychol	Social Psychology Quarterly, Administrative Science Quarterly
45.	73	Benford RD 2000 Annu Rev Sociol	Mobilization, Administrative Science Quarterly
45.	73	Edin K 2005 Promises I Can Keep	Journal of Marriage and Family, Gender & Society
47.	70	Meyer JW 1997 Am J Sociol	Administrative Science Quarterly, Annual Review of Sociology
47.	70	Blalock H 1967 Theory Minority Grou	Criminology, Social Problems
47.	70	Bourdieu P 1992 Invitation Reflexive	Sociological Theory, Acta Sociologica
50.	68	Gordon MM 1964 Assimilation America	Sociological Perspectives, American Journal of Sociology
50.	68	Coleman J 1988 Am J Sociol	Acta Sociologica, Sociological Perspectives
52.	67	Esping-andersen G 1990 3 Worlds Welfare Cap	Acta Sociologica, Work Employment and Society
52.	67	Acker J 1990 Gender Soc	Gender & Society, Work and Occupations
54.	66	Portes A 1993 Ann Am Acad Polit SS	Sociological Perspectives, Demography
54.	66	Heckman JJ 1979 Econometrica	Administrative Science Quarterly, Social Science Research
56.	65	Kanter RM 1977 Men Women Corporatio	Work and Occupations, Gender & Society
56.	65	Garfinkel Harold 1967 Studies Ethnomethodo	Sociological Theory, Gender & Society
58.	64	Giddens A 1984 Constitution Soc Out	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
59.	63	Hays S 1996 Cultural Contradicti	Gender & Society, American Sociological Review
60.	62	Collins Randall 2004 Interaction Ritual C	Sociological Theory, Social Psychology Quarterly
60.	62	Lamont M 2002 Annu Rev Sociol	Annual Review of Sociology, City & Community
62.	61	Sampson RJ 1993 Crime Making Pathway	Criminology, Sociological Perspectives
62.	61	Singer JD 2003 Appl Longitudinal DA	Journal of Marriage and Family, Journal of Health and Social Behavior
62.	61	Jacobs JA 2004 Time Divide Family G	Work and Occupations, American Sociological Review
65.	60	Pager D 2003 Am J Sociol	American Journal of Sociology, Social Problems
65.	60	Rubin DB 1987 Multiple Imputation	Sociology of Education, Social Science Research
67.	59	Bourdieu P 1986 Hdb Theory Res Socio	Sociology, Sociology of Sport Journal
67.	59	Bumpass L 2000 Pop Stud-j Demog	Journal of Marriage and Family, Demography
67.	59	Blumer H 1969 Symbolic Interaction	Social Psychology Quarterly, Sociological Theory
67.	59	Tarrow S 1998 Power Movement Conti	Mobilization, American Journal of Sociology
67.	59	Becker Gary S 1981 Treatise Family	Journal of Marriage and Family, Demography
72.	58	Dimaggio P 1997 Annu Rev Sociol	Sociological Forum, Administrative Science Quarterly
72.	58	Bianchi SM 2006 Changing Rhythms Ame	Gender & Society, Journal of Marriage and Family
72.	58	Wooldridge Jeffrey M 2002 Econometric Anal Cro	Sociological Methodology, Criminology
72.	58	Budig MJ 2001 Am Sociol Rev	Gender & Society, Work and Occupations
76.	57	Blau PM 1977 Inequality Heterogen	Sociology of Education, Sociological Methodology
76.	57	Shaw CR 1942 Juvenile Delinquency	Criminology, Social Problems
76.	57	Correll SJ 2007 Am J Sociol	Gender & Society, Work and Occupations
76.	57	Sampson RJ 1989 Am J Sociol	Criminology, City & Community
80.	56	Blau PM 1964 Exchange Power Socia	Journal of Mathematical Sociology, Rationality and Society
80.	56	Raftery AE 1995 Sociol Methodol	Sociological Methods & Research, Social Forces
80.	56	Wasserman S 1994 Social Network Anal	Journal of Mathematical Sociology, Sociological Methodology
83.	55	Allison PD 2002 Missing Data	Sociology of Education, Work and Occupations
83.	55	Abbott A 1988 System Professions E	Work and Occupations, Theory and Society
83.	55	Goffman E 1974 Frame Anal Essay Org	Sociological Theory, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
86.	54	Cherlin AJ 2004 J Marriage Fam	Journal of Marriage and Family, Gender & Society
86.	54	Beck U 1992 Risk Soc New Moderni	British Journal of Sociology, Work Employment and Society
88.	53	Putnam R 1993 Making Democracy Wor	Acta Sociologica, Rural Sociology
88.	53	Kalmijn M 1998 Annu Rev Sociol	Annual Review of Sociology, Acta Sociologica
90.	52	Lin N 2001 Social Capital Theor	Sociology of Education, Acta Sociologica
90.	52	Allport GW 1954 Nature Prejudice 25	Sociology of Education, Social Psychology Quarterly
90.	52	Mcadam Douglas 1982 Political Process DE	Mobilization, Social Problems
90.	52	Berger PL 1966 Social Construction	Sociological Theory, Theory and Society
90.	52	Giddens A 1990 Consequences Moderni	Sociology, British Journal of Sociology
95.	51	Royston P 2005 Stata J	Journal of Marriage and Family, Work and Occupations
96.	50	Snijders T 1999 Multilevel Anal Intr	Criminology, Social Psychology Quarterly
96.	50	Mcpherson M 2006 Am Sociol Rev	Social Networks, Annual Review of Sociology
96.	50	Blair-loy M 2003 Competing Devotions	Gender & Society, Work and Occupations
99.	49	Bianchi SM 2000 Soc Forces	Journal of Marriage and Family, Gender & Society
99.	49	Bryk A 1992 Hierarchical Linear	Sociology of Education, Journal of Health and Social Behavior
99.	49	Latour B 1987 Sci Action	Theory and Society, British Journal of Sociology

Data is drawn from citations appearing in 5,471 articles published between 2008 and 2012 in 37 sociology journals. Articles data is from the Web of Science. The journals (followed by the number of articles in the data set) are: Acta Sociologica (78); Administrative Science Quarterly (74); American Journal of Economics and Sociology (201); American Journal of Sociology (166); American Sociological Review (184); Annual Review of Sociology (102); British Journal of Sociology (169); City & Community (78); Criminology (157); Demography (245); Gender & Society (143); Journal of Contemporary Ethnography (115); Journal of Health and Social Behavior (141); Journal of Marriage and Family (375); Journal of Mathematical Sociology (50); Mobilization (102); Qualitative Sociology (106); Rationality and Society (74); Rural Sociology (97); Social Forces (274); Social Networks (142); Social Problems (127); Social Psychology Quarterly (74); Social Science Research (396); Sociological Forum (160); Sociological Methodology (43); Sociological Methods & Research (87); Sociological Perspectives (85); Sociological Quarterly (131); Sociological Theory (69); Sociology (254); Sociology of Education (76); Sociology of Health & Illness (295); Sociology of Sport Journal (100); Theory and Society (102); Work Employment and Society (188); Work and Occupations (66); and Youth & Society (145). Feel free to lobby me for the inclusion of a different journal or the exclusion of a certain journal.

The abbreviations are courtesy of Web of Science. Unfortunately, they don’t provide article titles and often abbreviate books in different ways, so there is some measurement error in the data.

]]> http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-102-most-cited-works-in-sociology-2008-2012/feed/ 0 http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-most-cited-articles-in-sociology-by-journal/ http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-most-cited-articles-in-sociology-by-journal/#comments Thu, 31 May 2012 05:11:41 +0000 Neal http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/?p=926 Continue reading →]]> The books or journal articles that have been cited the most over the last five years are listed below by journal. Raw data is from the Web of Science.

The total database includes 5,306 articles published between May, 2008 and May, 2012 citing 186,299 different works with an average article referencing 59 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 38% of total references.

The citations can sometimes be tricky to decipher (e.g. “North DC 1990 I I Change EC Perfor”), but that’s the way data came. I’ve only done minimal cleaning of the raw data. Note for example that entries 9 and 11 for the journal Mobilization are two different editions of the same book. If something seems off or you want to see what the numbers look like for a different journal, let me know.

Acta Sociologica
78 articles citing 4,028 different works with an average article referencing 54 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 14% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	7	Esping-andersen G 1990 3 Worlds Welfare Cap
2.	7	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Critique
3.	6	Putnam R 1993 Making Democracy Wor
4.	6	Erikson R 1992 Constant Flux
5.	6	Coleman J 1988 Am J Sociol
6.	5	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
7.	5	Putnam R 1995 J Democr
8.	4	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
9.	4	Portes A 1998 Annu Rev Sociol
10.	4	Van Oorschot W 2005 J Eur Soc Policy
11.	4	Karasek RA 1990 Hlth Work Stress Pro
12.	4	Bourdieu P 1992 Invitation Reflexive

Administrative Science Quarterly
74 articles citing 5,148 different works with an average article referencing 92 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 26% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	19	Dimaggio PJ 1983 Am Sociol Rev
2.	17	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
3.	12	Stinchcombe AL 1965 Hdb Org
4.	12	Suchman MC 1995 Acad Manage Rev
5.	12	Burt Ronald S 1992 Structural Holes Soc
6.	11	Gulati R 1999 Am J Sociol
7.	10	Ahuja G 2000 Admin Sci Quart
8.	10	Carroll GR 2000 Am J Sociol
9.	9	Granovetter M 1985 Am J Sociol
10.	9	Hannan MT 1989 Org Ecology
11.	9	Cyert RM 1963 Behav Theory Firm
12.	9	Zuckerman EW 1999 Am J Sociol
13.	9	Rao H 2003 Am J Sociol

American Journal of Economics and Sociology
201 articles citing 7,784 different works with an average article referencing 42 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 17% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	12	Granovetter M 1985 Am J Sociol
2.	11	North DC 1990 I I Change EC Perfor
3.	10	Lee FS 2008 Horizon
4.	8	Peart SJ 2005 Vanity Philos Equali
5.	8	Putnam R 1993 Making Democracy Wor
6.	8	Hayek FA 1945 Am Econ Rev
7.	8	Lee F 2009 Routl Adv Heterod EC
8.	8	Williamson OE 1975 Markets Hierarchies
9.	8	Keynes JM 1936 Gen Theory Employmen
10.	7	Schumpeter JA 1954 Hist EC Anal
11.	7	Smith A 1976 Inquiry Nature Cause

American Journal of Sociology
166 articles citing 13,084 different works with an average article referencing 93 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 23% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	17	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
2.	15	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
3.	14	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
4.	14	Dimaggio PJ 1983 Am Sociol Rev
5.	11	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
6.	11	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
7.	11	Burt RS 1992 Structural Holes
8.	10	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
9.	10	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Theory
10.	10	Mcadam Douglas 1982 Political Process DE

American Sociological Review
184 articles citing 12,221 different works with an average article referencing 78 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	17	Dimaggio PJ 1983 Am Sociol Rev
2.	15	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
3.	13	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
4.	12	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
5.	11	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods
6.	10	Benford RD 2000 Annu Rev Sociol
7.	10	Meyer JW 1997 Am J Sociol
8.	10	Tilly C 1978 Mobilization Revolut
9.	9	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
10.	9	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
11.	9	Granovetter M 1985 Am J Sociol
12.	9	Kalev A 2006 Am Sociol Rev
13.	9	Burt RS 1992 Structural Holes

Annual Review of Sociology
102 articles citing 12,598 different works with an average article referencing 134 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 17% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	8	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
2.	8	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
3.	7	Correll SJ 2007 Am J Sociol
4.	7	Lamont M 2002 Annu Rev Sociol
5.	7	Mcpherson M 2001 Annu Rev Sociol
6.	7	Blau P 1967 Am Occupation Struct
7.	7	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
8.	6	Alba RD 2003 Remaking Am Mainstre
9.	6	Wilson WJ 1996 Work Disappears Worl
10.	6	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods
11.	6	Morris M 1999 Annu Rev Sociol
12.	6	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
13.	6	Meyer JW 1997 Am J Sociol

British Journal of Sociology
169 articles citing 7,296 different works with an average article referencing 48 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	11	Beck U 1992 Risk Soc New Moderni
2.	10	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
3.	8	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
4.	8	Latour B 1987 Sci Action
5.	8	Beck U 2006 Brit J Sociol
6.	7	Giddens A 1991 Modernity Self Ident
7.	7	Beck Ulrich 2006 Cosmopolitan Vision
8.	7	Beck U 2010 Brit J Sociol
9.	7	Goldthorpe JH 1987 Social Mobility Clas
10.	7	Giddens A 1990 Consequences Moderni

City & Community
78 articles citing 4,017 different works with an average article referencing 60 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 23% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	14	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
2.	11	Pattillo Mary 2007 Black Block Politics
3.	11	Molotch Harvey L 1987 Urban Fortunes Polit
4.	10	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
5.	10	Zukin S 1995 Cultures Cities
6.	9	Wilson WJ 1996 Work Disappears New
7.	9	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
8.	8	Lloyd R 2006 Neobohemia Art Comme
9.	8	Smith N 1996 New Urban Frontier G
10.	8	Anderson E 1990 Streetwise Race Clas
11.	8	Sampson RJ 1997 Science
12.	8	Florida R 2002 Rise Creative Class

Criminology
157 articles citing 7,752 different works with an average article referencing 72 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 31% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	50	Gottfredson MR 1990 Gen Theory Crime
2.	30	Sampson RJ 1993 Crime Making Pathway
3.	30	Hirschi T 1969 Causes Delinquency
4.	29	Anderson E 1999 Code Street
5.	28	Sampson RJ 1997 Science
6.	24	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
7.	21	Cohen LE 1979 Am Sociol Rev
8.	20	Laub JH 2003 Shared Beginings Div
9.	19	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
10.	19	Moffitt TE 1993 Psychol Rev

Demography
245 articles citing 10,747 different works with an average article referencing 53 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	12	Bumpass L 2000 Pop Stud-j Demog
2.	12	Idler EL 1997 J Health Soc Behav
3.	10	Reichman NE 2001 Child Youth Serv Rev
4.	10	Alba RD 2003 Remaking Am Mainstre
5.	10	Ruggles S 2004 Integrated Public US
6.	10	Portes A 1993 Ann Am Acad Polit SS
7.	10	Mclanahan S 2004 Demography
8.	10	Becker Gary S 1981 Treatise Family
9.	10	Schwartz CR 2005 Demography
10.	8	Rosenzweig MR 1982 Am Econ Rev
11.	8	Mclanahan Sara 1994 Growing Single Paren

Gender & Society
143 articles citing 4,934 different works with an average article referencing 42 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 26% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	39	West C 1987 Gender Soc
2.	21	Acker J 1990 Gender Soc
3.	18	Collins Patricia Hill 1990 Black Feminist Thoug
4.	18	Ridgeway CL 2004 Gender Soc
5.	16	Hays S 1996 Cultural Contradicti
6.	16	Connell RW 1995 Masculinities
7.	15	England P 2010 Gender Soc
8.	15	Connell RW 2005 Gender Soc
9.	13	Risman BJ 2004 Gender Soc
10.	13	Stone P 2007 Opting Out Why Women

Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
115 articles citing 5,868 different works with an average article referencing 57 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	21	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T
2.	16	Goffman E 1959 Presentation Self EV
3.	10	Fretz Rachel 1995 Writing Ethnographic
4.	10	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
5.	9	West C 1987 Gender Soc
6.	9	Lofland J 1995 Anal Social Settings
7.	9	Goffman E 1963 Stigma Notes Managem
8.	9	Adler PA 1987 Membership Roles Fie
9.	8	Anderson L 2006 J Contemp Ethnogr
10.	8	Duneier Mitchell 1999 Sidewalk
11.	8	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart
12.	8	Blumer H 1969 Symbolic Interaction
13.	8	Mead GH 1934 Mind Self Soc
14.	8	Spradley JP 1979 Ethnographic Intervi

Journal of Health and Social Behavior
141 articles citing 6,756 different works with an average article referencing 58 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 24% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	22	Radloff L S 1977 Applied Psychological Measurement
2.	19	Pearlin LI 1981 J Health Soc Behav
3.	19	Pearlin LI 1989 J Health Soc Behav
4.	13	Idler EL 1997 J Health Soc Behav
5.	13	Phelan JO 1995 J Hlth Social Behav
6.	13	House JS 1988 Science
7.	11	Pearlin LI 1999 Hdb Sociology Mental
8.	10	Freidson E 1970 Professional Dominan
9.	10	Thoits PA 1995 J Hlth Social Behav
10.	10	Mirowsky J 2003 Social Causes Psycho

Journal of Marriage and Family
376 articles citing 13,090 different works with an average article referencing 51 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 31% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	35	Mclanahan Sara 1994 Growing Single Paren
2.	31	Osborne C 2007 J Marriage Fam
3.	31	Bumpass L 2000 Pop Stud-j Demog
4.	29	Cherlin AJ 2004 J Marriage Fam
5.	28	Edin K 2005 Promises I Can Keep
6.	25	Rossi AS 1990 Human Bonding Parent
7.	24	Radloff L S 1977 Applied Psychological Measurement
8.	22	Fomby P 2007 Am Sociol Rev
9.	21	Reichman NE 2001 Child Youth Serv Rev
10.	21	Carlson M 2004 Demography
11.	21	Becker Gary S 1981 Treatise Family
12.	21	Acock AC 2005 J Marriage Fam

Journal of Mathematical Sociology
100 articles citing 1,747 different works with an average article referencing 39 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 21% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	20	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Sci Theor
2.	14	Schelling T 1978 Micromotives Macrobe
3.	12	Wasserman S 1994 Social Network Anal
4.	12	Olson Mancur 1965 Logic Collective Act
5.	10	Cartwright D 1956 Psychol Rev
6.	10	Bolton GE 2000 Am Econ Rev
7.	10	Blau PM 1964 Exchange Power Socia
8.	10	Hummon NP 2003 Soc Networks
9.	10	Schelling TC 1971 J Math Sociol
10.	10	Fehr E 2007 Annu Rev Sociol
11.	10	Davis JA 1967 Hum Relat
12.	10	Macy MW 2002 Annu Rev Sociol

Mobilization
102 articles citing 5,261 different works with an average article referencing 68 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 29% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	30	Mcadam D 2001 Dynamics Contention
2.	23	Tilly C 1978 Mobilization Revolut
3.	23	Mccarthy JD 1977 Am J Sociol
4.	23	Snow DA 1986 Am Sociol Rev
5.	19	Kriesi H 1995 New Social Movements
6.	18	Tarrow S 1998 Power Movement Socia
7.	16	Benford RD 2000 Annu Rev Sociol
8.	14	Tarrow Sidney 1994 Power Movement
9.	14	Mcadam Douglas 1982 Political Process DE
10.	14	Piven FF 1977 Poor Peoples Movemen
11.	14	Mcadam D 1999 Political Process DE

Qualitative Sociology
106 articles citing 5,126 different works with an average article referencing 53 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 18% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	10	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction
2.	8	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T
3.	7	Goffman E 1959 Presentation Self EV
4.	7	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods
5.	7	Bourdieu P 1990 Logic Practice
6.	7	Goffman E 1963 Stigma Notes Managem
7.	6	Wacquant Loic 2004 Body Soul Notebooks
8.	6	Feagin JR 1991 Am Sociol Rev
9.	5	Mills CW 1940 Am Sociol Rev
10.	5	Stacey J 1988 Women Stud Int Forum
11.	5	Anderson E 1990 Streetwise Race Clas
12.	5	West C 1987 Gender Soc
13.	5	Fretz Rachel 1995 Writing Ethnographic
14.	5	Garfinkel Harold 1967 Studies Ethnomethodo
15.	5	Duneier Mitchell 1999 Sidewalk
16.	5	Blee Kathleen M 1998 Qualitative Sociolog
17.	5	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart
18.	5	Mcadam D 2001 Dynamics Contention

Rationality and Society
74 articles citing 3,251 different works with an average article referencing 50 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 21% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	15	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Theory
2.	8	Fehr E 1999 Q J Econ
3.	8	Olson Mancur 1965 Logic Collective Act
4.	8	Yamagishi T 1986 J Pers Soc Psychol
5.	7	Axelrod R 1984 Evolution Cooperatio
6.	7	Granovetter M 1985 Am J Sociol
7.	7	Camerer Colin 2003 Behav Game Theory EX
8.	6	Blau PM 1964 Exchange Power Socia
9.	6	Ledyard JO 1995 Hdb Expt EC
10.	6	Rabin M 1993 Am Econ Rev
11.	6	Hoffman E 1996 Am Econ Rev
12.	6	Ostrom E 1998 Am Polit Sci Rev
13.	6	Glaeser EL 2000 Q J Econ
14.	6	Fehr E 2003 Nature
15.	6	Fehr E 2002 Nature

Rural Sociology
97 articles citing 5,367 different works with an average article referencing 61 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 18% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	9	Lichter DT 2006 Rural Sociol
2.	8	Wilkinson KP 1991 Community Rural AM
3.	8	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
4.	8	Guthman J 2004 Cal Stud Crit Hum GE
5.	8	Dillman DA 2000 Mail Internet Survey
6.	7	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
7.	7	Portes A 1998 Annu Rev Sociol
8.	7	Putnam R 1993 Making Democracy Wor
9.	6	Donato KM 2007 Rural Sociol
10.	6	Allen Patricia 2004 Together Table Susta
11.	6	Johnson KM 2000 Rural Sociol

Social Forces
274 articles citing 13,685 different works with an average article referencing 59 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 23% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	24	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
2.	15	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
3.	15	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
4.	11	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
5.	11	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
6.	11	Mcpherson M 2001 Annu Rev Sociol
7.	10	Halaby CN 2004 Annu Rev Sociol
8.	10	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
9.	10	Blau P 1967 Am Occupational Stru
10.	10	Long Jscott 1997 Regression Models CA
11.	10	Budig MJ 2001 Am Sociol Rev

Social Problems
127 articles citing 9,279 different works with an average article referencing 84 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	13	Anderson E 1999 Code Street
2.	11	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
3.	10	Gamson WA 1992 Talking Politics
4.	10	Mcadam Douglas 1982 Political Process DE
5.	10	Mccarthy JD 1977 Am J Sociol
6.	9	Blalock H 1967 Theory Minority Grou
7.	9	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
8.	8	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
9.	8	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
10.	8	Gitlin T 1980 Whole World Watching
11.	8	Benford RD 2000 Annu Rev Sociol
12.	8	Snow DA 1986 Am Sociol Rev

Social Psychology Quarterly
74 articles citing 4,075 different works with an average article referencing 62 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 21% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	13	Goffman E 1963 Stigma Notes Managem
2.	10	Mead GH 1934 Mind Self Soc Standp
3.	9	Goffman E 1959 Presentation Self EV
4.	8	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart Commer
5.	7	Emerson RM 1972 Sociological Theorie
6.	7	Baron RM 1986 J Pers Soc Psychol
7.	6	Cooley CH 1902 Human Nature Social
8.	6	Molm LD 1999 Am Sociol Rev
9.	6	Collins Randall 2004 Interaction Ritual C
10.	6	Blumer H 1969 Symbolic Interaction
11.	6	Snow DA 1987 Am J Sociol
12.	6	Thibaut JW 1959 Social Psychol Group
13.	6	Lawler EJ 1996 Am Sociol Rev
14.	6	Francis LE 1997 Soc Psychol Quart
15.	6	Irvine Leslie 1999 Codependent Foreverm

Social Science Research
396 articles citing 17,970 different works with an average article referencing 57 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 25% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	26	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
2.	24	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
3.	21	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Models
4.	19	Alba RD 2003 Remaking Am Mainstre
5.	16	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods C
6.	15	Wilson WJ 1996 Work Disappears Worl
7.	15	Blau P 1967 Am Occupational Stru
8.	14	Portes A 2001 Legacies Story Immig
9.	14	Blalock H 1967 Theory Minority Grou
10.	14	Sampson RJ 1997 Science
11.	14	Heckman JJ 1979 Econometrica
12.	14	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
13.	14	Mclanahan Sara 1994 Growing Single Paren

Sociological Forum
160 articles citing 7,469 different works with an average article referencing 52 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	14	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
2.	11	Dimaggio P 1997 Annu Rev Sociol
3.	10	Vaisey S 2008 Sociol Forum
4.	10	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
5.	9	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
6.	8	Lamont M 2002 Annu Rev Sociol
7.	8	Swidler A 2001 Talk Love Culture MA
8.	7	Lamont M 1992 Money Morals Manners
9.	6	Collins Randall 2004 Interaction Ritual C
10.	6	Portes A 1993 Ann Am Acad Polit SS
11.	6	Cerulo K 2002 Culture Mind Sociolo
12.	6	Cerulo K 2006 Never Saw IT Coming
13.	6	Snow DA 1986 Am Sociol Rev
14.	6	Vaisey S 2009 Am J Sociol
15.	6	Meyer JW 1997 Am J Sociol

Sociological Methodology
43 articles citing 1,721 different works with an average article referencing 44 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	5	Rosenbaum Paul R 2002 Observational Studie
2.	5	Wasserman S 1994 Social Network Anal
3.	5	Heckathorn DD 1997 Soc Probl
4.	4	Volz E 2008 J Off Stat
5.	4	Coleman JS 1958 Hum Organ
6.	4	Salganik MJ 2004 Sociol Methodol
7.	4	Snijders Tab 2006 Sociol Methodol
8.	4	WU LL 2000 Sociol Method Res
9.	4	Goodman LA 1961 Ann Math Stat
10.	4	Heckathorn DD 2007 Sociol Methodol
11.	4	Wooldridge Jeffrey M 2002 Econometric Anal Cro
12.	4	Mclachlan G 2000 Finite Mixture Model
13.	4	Abbott A 2000 Sociol Method Res
14.	4	Pattison P 2002 Sociol Methodol
15.	4	Little Rja 2002 Stat Anal Missing DA

Sociological Methods & Research
87 articles citing 3,203 different works with an average article referencing 41 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	8	WU LL 2000 Sociol Method Res
2.	7	Abbott A 1990 Am J Sociol
3.	6	Elzinga CH 2003 Sociol Method Res
4.	6	Levine JH 2000 Sociol Method Res
5.	6	Abbott A 2000 Sociol Method Res
6.	6	Scherer S 2001 Eur Sociol Rev
7.	6	Mason KO 1973 Am Sociol Rev
8.	6	Yang Y 2004 Sociol Methodol
9.	5	Winship C 1999 Annu Rev Sociol
10.	5	Abbott A 1986 J Interdiscipl Hist
11.	5	Brzinsky-fay C 2006 Stata J
12.	5	Abbot A 2000 Sociol Method Res
13.	5	Rosenbaum PR 1983 Biometrika
14.	5	Rodgers WL 1982 Am Sociol Rev
15.	5	Fienberg SE 1985 Cohort Anal Social R
16.	5	O’brien RM 2000 Soc Sci Res
17.	5	American Sociological Association 2011 No Source
18.	5	Kupper LL 1985 J Chron Dis
19.	5	Mcvicar D 2002 J Roy Stat Soc A Sta
20.	5	Pollock G 2007 J Roy Stat Soc A Sta

Sociological Perspectives
85 articles citing 4,724 different works with an average article referencing 59 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 16% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	6	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
2.	6	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
3.	5	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart Commer
4.	5	Omi M 1994 Racial Formation US
5.	5	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
6.	5	Portes Alejandro 1996 Immigrant Am Portrai
7.	5	Portes A 2001 Legacies Story Immig
8.	5	Coleman J 1988 Am J Sociol
9.	4	Mcneal RB 1999 Soc Forces
10.	4	Coleman JS 1988 Am J Sociol
11.	4	Portes A 1993 Ann Am Acad Polit SS
12.	4	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
13.	4	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Theory
14.	4	Gordon MM 1964 Assimilation Am Life
15.	4	Feagin JR 1994 Living Racism Black
16.	4	Strauss A 1990 Basics Qualitative R
17.	4	Gans HJ 1979 Ethnic Racial Stud
18.	4	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods

Sociological Quarterly
131 articles citing 7,980 different works with an average article referencing 67 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 18% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	8	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Models
2.	8	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
3.	7	Snow DA 1986 Am Sociol Rev
4.	7	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
5.	7	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
6.	6	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T
7.	6	Blumer H 1958 Pac Sociol Rev
8.	6	Bellah RN 1985 Habits Heart
9.	6	Goffman E 1963 Stigma Notes Managem
10.	5	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
11.	5	Black Donald 1976 Behav Law
12.	5	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
13.	5	Morris Aldon D 1984 Origins Civil Rights
14.	5	Baron RM 1986 J Pers Soc Psychol
15.	5	Finke R 1988 Am Sociol Rev

Sociological Theory
69 articles citing 5,457 different works with an average article referencing 88 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	13	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
2.	12	Sewell WH 1992 Am J Sociol
3.	11	Bourdieu P 1977 Outline Theory Pract
4.	10	Giddens A 1984 Constitution Soc Onl
5.	10	Bourdieu P 1992 Invitation Reflexive
6.	9	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
7.	9	Bourdieu P 1990 Logic Practice
8.	8	Berger P 1967 Social Construction
9.	8	Mcadam D 2001 Dynamics Contention
10.	7	Weber M 1978 EC Soc Outline Inter
11.	7	Goffman E 1959 Presentation Self EV
12.	7	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
13.	7	Emirbayer M 1998 Am J Sociol

Sociology of Education
76 articles citing 3,691 different works with an average article referencing 59 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 24% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	14	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
2.	12	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods
3.	9	Ainsworth-darnell JW 1998 Am Sociol Rev
4.	9	Entwisle DR 1997 Children Sch Inequal
5.	8	Moody J 2001 Am J Sociol
6.	8	Downey DB 2004 Am Sociol Rev
7.	7	Coleman JS 1961 Adolescent Soc
8.	7	Coleman JS 1988 Am J Sociol
9.	7	Morgan SL 1999 Am Sociol Rev
10.	7	Rosenbaum James 2001 Coll All Career Path
11.	7	Lucas SR 1999 Tracking Inequality
12.	7	Phillips M 1998 Black White Test Sco
13.	7	Coleman J 1966 Equality ED Opportun

Sociology of Health & Illness
295 articles citing 12,396 different works with an average article referencing 50 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 24% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	22	Giddens A 1991 Modernity Self Ident
2.	19	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T
3.	18	Freidson E 1970 Profession Med
4.	16	Bury M 1982 Sociol Health Illn
5.	15	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
6.	14	Clarke AE 2003 Am Sociol Rev
7.	14	Courtenay WH 2000 Soc Sci Med
8.	14	Rose N 2007 Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine
9.	13	Parsons T 1951 Social System
10.	12	Frank AW 1995 Wounded Storyteller
11.	12	Connell RW 1995 Masculinities

Sociology of Sport Journal
100 articles citing 5,425 different works with an average article referencing 65 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	11	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
2.	11	Connell RW 2005 Gender Soc
3.	9	Maguire J 1999 Global Sport Identit
4.	8	Messner MA 2002 Taking Field Women M
5.	8	Messner MA 1992 Power Play Sports PR
6.	7	Connell R 2005 Masculinities
7.	7	Andrews DL 1996 Sociol Sport J
8.	7	Gard M 2005 Obesity Epidemic Sci
9.	7	King S 2005 Qualitative Methods
10.	7	Pringle R 2005 Sociol Sport J
11.	7	Andrews DL 2008 Quest
12.	7	Thorpe H 2009 Sociol Sport J
13.	7	Connell RW 1995 Masculinities
14.	7	Wilson B 2007 Sociol Sport J
15.	7	Markula P 2006 Foucault Sport Exerc

Sociology-the Journal of the British Sociological Association
254 articles citing 9,714 different works with an average article referencing 44 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	28	Giddens A 1991 Modernity Self Ident
2.	27	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
3.	23	Skeggs B 1997 Formations Class Gen
4.	17	Giddens Anthony 1992 Transformation Intim
5.	13	Giddens A 1990 Consequences Moderni
6.	12	Bourdieu P 1986 Hdb Theory Res Socio
7.	12	Bourdieu P 1992 Invitation Reflexive
8.	12	Sayer A 2005 Moral Significance C
9.	12	Skeggs Beverly 2004 Class Self Culture
10.	12	Savage Michael 2000 Class Anal Social TR
11.	12	Smart C 2007 Personal Life

Theory and Society
102 articles citing 7,289 different works with an average article referencing 80 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 19% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	13	Dimaggio PJ 1983 Am Sociol Rev
2.	13	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinction Social C
3.	12	Bourdieu P 1977 Outline Theory Pract
4.	9	Sewell WH 1992 Am J Sociol
5.	8	Swidler A 1986 Am Sociol Rev
6.	8	Weber Max 1978 EC Soc
7.	8	Dimaggio Paul J 1991 New I Org Anal
8.	7	Friedland R 1991 New I Org Anal
9.	7	Fligstein N 2001 Architecture Market
10.	7	Meyer JW 1977 Am J Sociol
11.	7	Latour B 1987 Sci Action
12.	7	Bourdieu P 1990 Logic Practice

Work Employment and Society
188 articles citing 6,668 different works with an average article referencing 41 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	11	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart
2.	11	Kelly J 1998 Rethinking Ind Relat
3.	10	Holgate J 2005 Work Employ Soc
4.	10	Hakim C 2000 Work Lifestyle Choic
5.	10	Taylor P 2002 Work Employ Soc
6.	9	Taylor P 2005 Work Employ Soc
7.	9	Burawoy M 1979 Manufacturing Consen
8.	9	Warhurst C 2007 Work Employ Soc
9.	8	Esping-andersen G 1990 3 Worlds Welfare Cap
10.	8	Korczynski M 2002 Human Resource Manag
11.	8	Crompton R 2005 Work Employ Soc

Work and Occupations
66 articles citing 3,484 different works with an average article referencing 62 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 22% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	11	Leidner R 1993 Fast Food Fast Talk
2.	9	Hochschild A 1983 Managed Heart Commer
3.	8	Lopez SH 2006 Work Occupation
4.	8	Abbott A 1988 System Professions
5.	8	Kan MY 2007 Work Occupation
6.	8	Jacobs JA 2004 Time Divide Work Fam
7.	7	Smith RA 2002 Annu Rev Sociol
8.	7	Freidson E 1970 Professional Dominan
9.	7	Hodson R 2006 Work Occupation
10.	7	Mcguire GM 2007 Work Occupation

Youth & Society
145 articles citing 6,739 different works with an average article referencing 51 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 18% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1.	9	Erikson E 1968 Identity Youth Crisi
2.	9	Hirschi T 1969 Causes Delinquency
3.	9	Arnett JJ 2000 Am Psychol
4.	8	Miles MB 1994 Qualitative Data Ana
5.	8	Strauss A 1990 Basics Qualitative R
6.	8	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Collap
7.	7	Agnew R 1992 Criminology
8.	6	Hirschi Travis 1981 Measuring Delinquenc
9.	6	Portes A 2001 Legacies Story 2 Gen
10.	6	Cohen AK 1955 Delinquent Boys
11.	6	Eccles J 2002 Community Programs P

All 36 Journals Combined
5,306 articles citing 186,299 different works with an average article referencing 59 different works. The most frequently cited 10% of works accounted for 38% of total references.

Rank	Cites	Citation
1	219	Bourdieu P 1984 Distinctions Social
2	175	Raudenbush SW 2002 Hierarchical Linear
3	171	Putnam RD 2000 Bowling Alone Am Dec
4	166	Wilson WJ 1987 Truly Disadvantaged
5	144	Granovetter MS 1973 Am J Sociol
6	134	Denton Nancy A 1993 Am Apartheid Segrega
7	134	Coleman JS 1990 Fdn Social Thoery
8	127	Glaser BG 1967 Discovery Grounded T
9	122	Lareau A 2003 Unequal Childhoods
10	121	West C 1987 Gender Soc

]]> http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/the-most-cited-articles-in-sociology-by-journal/feed/ 0